jueves, 4 de mayo de 2006

El condón de Ratzinger

El condón de Ratzinger

Martín Bonfil Olivera

El biólogo Stephen Jay Gould decía que ciencia y religión constituyen “magisterios separados”: no tienen por qué entrar nunca en conflicto porque sus respectivas áreas de autoridad son distintas.

No estoy muy de acuerdo. Hace días el papa Benedicto XVI reiteró la tradicional oposición de la Iglesia católica al uso del condón. No sorprende, pues como cardenal y cabeza de la Congregación para la Doctrina de la Fe (antes Santa Inquisición), Joseph Ratzinger representó siempre las posiciones más conservadoras del catolicismo.

La postura católica se basa en la idea de que existe un orden o ley natural, es decir, determinada por Dios, y que oponerse a ella es pecado. El uso del condón despoja al acto sexual de su fin reproductivo (para la Iglesia, su único fin natural), y por ello resulta inaceptable.

¿Qué dice la ciencia al respecto? La ciencia estudia el mundo natural (en el sentido laico: aquello que existe en la naturaleza), y no dicta normas de comportamiento. Pero sí proporciona información confiable y pertinente que permite tomar decisiones a personas y a sociedades.

Desde un punto de vista científico, hay hechos incontrovertibles: 1) existe una pandemia de sida, causada por un virus; 2) el sida se contagia principalmente por relaciones sexuales sin protección; 3) el número de personas infectadas sigue aumentando; 4) el uso adecuado del condón es notoriamente efectivo (más del 99%) para evitar el contagio; y finalmente, 5) por experiencia, no es realista esperar que jóvenes (ni adultos) recurran a la abstinencia (solteros) o fidelidad rigurosa (casados) para evitar el contagio.

No se trata de juicios: son sólo hechos, independientemente de si se los juzga “buenos” o “malos”. La conclusión es ineludible: oponerse al uso del condón equivale, en los hechos, a fomentar más infecciones por Sida.

La oposición católica se justifica diciendo que es criminal recomendar una medida que no es 100% segura. Pero no existen medidas así. El uso del cinturón de seguridad no garantiza la supervivencia en un accidente, pero eso no significa que no convenga usarlo siempre (ni que haya que abandonar el uso del automóvil).

Es duro decirlo, pero cuando de casos prácticos se trata, a veces hay que oponerse claramente a algunas de las posturas de la Iglesia. En estas ocasiones, es Dios (o sus representantes) quienes se están metiendo con lo que es del César.

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